本帖最後由 black69 於 2011-9-17 23:57 編輯
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Russian assistance to the program began as early as May 1991, when Russian lecturers briefed the Chinese engineers on the capabilities and potential of their Soyuz spacecraft. This was followed by two-year fellowships for 20 young Chinese engineers in Russia during 1992-1994. In September 1994 Chinese President Jiang Zemin visited the Russian Flight Control Centre in Kaliningrad and noted that there were broad prospects for co-operation between the two countries in space. In March 1995 a deal was signed to transfer manned spacecraft technology to China. Included in the agreement were training of cosmonauts, provision of Soyuz spacecraft capsules and life support systems, androgynous docking systems, and space suits. In 1996 two Chinese astronauts, Wu Jie and Li Qinglong, began training at the Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre in Russia. After graduation these men returned to China and began selection of a cadre of 12 Chinese astronauts.
Design was completed in August 1995 and construction began of four ground-test prototypes of the spacecraft - two structural test versions, one thermal test model, and an electrical test vehicle. Many difficulties were encountered. The Chinese had been quoted what they considered exorbitant prices to acquire key Russian technology, and in those cases they had to develop their own solutions. Even the decision to use an enlarged aerodynamic copy of the Soyuz capsule did not mean extensive development testing was not required. Characterizing the heat shield performance of the capsule, particularly around the critical porthole areas, required testing at TsNIIMASH facilities in Russia in the summers of 1995, 1998, and 1999. Welding and sealing of the re-entry vehicles frame encountered numerous difficulties, as did SAST's qualification testing of the propulsion systems and service module. Tests of the launch escape system in April and August 1995 were failures, and first succeeded only in April 1997. But the successful design was 900 kg overweight, and a weight reduction program was necessary. In May 1998 a mock-up of the CZ-2F launch vehicle and Shenzhou spacecraft were rolled out for facilities tests. The first completely successful test of a production-weight launch escape system was finally accomplished on 18 October 1998.
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